The correct answers are the following.
Many Irish immigrants came to America to escape a famine: push factor.
Many Chinese immigrants came to America to work on the Transcontinental Railroad: pull factor.
Many Russian Jewish immigrants came to America to escape harsh treatment: push factor.
Many Scandinavian immigrants came to America for land that the US government made available to new settlers in the Midwest: pull factor.
When talking about emigration, there are "push and pull" factors that make people leave their native countries. In the case of push factors, we are regarding internal factor in their former countries that make the leave such as poverty, famine, internal conflicts or civil wars. In the case of pull factors, this means that other countries offer attractive opportunities to change residence and people decide to leave their native lands in order to pursue new things, like working opportunities or investments.
