The correct answer is - D. Western Europe.
During the Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages, Western Europe was stagnating in the scientific department. This is due to the rule of the church. The church was forbidding pretty much all scientific activities, and they were marked as Satan's work, witchcraft, sins, etc. Lots of the scientists of this period were either imprisoned and tortured or killed, very often in very gruesome ways. So Western Europe started to get back on track with the science and progress only after the church started to lose its influence and power.
In the late 1800s, the growth of the railroad system led Midwestern cities such as Minneapolis and Cleveland to become industrial centers.
B. All of these. The Anti-Federalists gave the Federalists trouble over all of the things listed above.