B. Restitution
Explanation:
Restitution means returning to the proper owner property or the monetary value of loss.
In the United States, the 1920s were known as the "Roaring Twenties" because the stock market was at an absolute high and the economic future seemed very bright. This of course was not the case.
The 13th amendment stated “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, EXCEPT AS A PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME...” so when white settlers could no longer have African-American as slaves they needed a loophole. So incarcerating an African-American for petty crimes, such as theft or burglary for an abundance amount of time created mass incarceration.
The answer to this is D. Taking notes. Trust me, I did this before, and got it correct.
Venice and Florence emerged as key centers of trade in the Mediterranean, based on the trade of silk, cotton, wool and spices. The Italian city-states were the bridge between the Byzantine Empire, Western Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
