Answer:
1. Judicial, and Executive.
2. Makes laws, and carries out laws.
Explanation:
If you eat at several Mexican restaurants and decide that Mexican food is hot, then you are technically using "inductive" reasoning, since this would be a "bottom to top" approach of reaching a conclusion.
I believe it was a Longhouse
The importance of the scientific Revolution to the Enlightenment Period was that scientists like Newton and Galileo learned that the world did not work the way the church had explained it to be and thus, scientists discovered laws that governed the natural world.
As for Medieval theories referring to scientific ratiocinate, it varied from this reason that was preferred during the Scientific Revolution. They had depended on an 'powerful god' instead of observation and rational thinking.