The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The changes to Chinese administration and bureaucracy that Song rulers introduced were the following.
The Song dynasty produced changes in ancient China. Its leaders were committed to work and develop notorious advancements such as the use of the compass for exploration, the use of gunpowder to wage war and other uses such as construction, and invested so much in the formation of its standing navy, culture, arts, education, literature, and philosophical studies. Confucianism had a second "fresh air" with the studies of philosophers such as Zhu Xi and Cheng Yi.
Bureaucracy was centralized under the Song dynasty and demanded its bureaucratic officials to work with virtue and high moral. Indeed, they had to pass difficult examinations and evaluations to be part of the Song bureaucratic system of government.
The Song dynasty started in 960 and ended in 1279.
Supergangs are the type of gangs Bartollas suggest which emerged in the political climate of the 1960s. It was after the 1919 race riot, where Black males formed gangs to confront hostile White gang members who were terrorizing the African American communities. The late 1960s saw the emergence of a few “super gangs” whose political and economic activities attracted much attention. These ''supergangs'' become citywide criminal entrepreneurial organizations involved in drug dealing, extortion, and contract violence.
