Government schools are useless, Competition ends in fighting. There's one more and i don't know.
Charlemagne is considered the father of Europe due to his past contribution. He founded the Holy Roman Empire which made most people look up to him. He was also a advocate for education such as him encouraging others to learn Latin in my opinion he was a overall affective leader
Answer: It increased exposure to Western culture.
Explanation:
The way that openness directly affect Chinese culture was that it increased the exposure to Western culture.
Through openess, Chinese interacted and communicated with people form other cultures despite the cultural differences.
This is vital in the building of relationships with others from different ethnic groups, national origin etc. This brought about the exposure to the Western culture.
The answer is the one that starts with: to exchange ideas and services.