I think your answer would be b.
It’s a current from Florida that goes east across the ocean to Europe. The current is warm and it effects north and northwestern Europe “warming it up”. Europe has a warmer climate because of the stream(when you compare it to other countries with a similar latitude.
During the medieval era the Catholic Church became a more elaborate heirachy. The pope became an image of of supreme power in Europe. There was also a large population growth. Towns and cities wanted more self control. This caused a political and social struggle.
This struggle caused a huge demand of a more direct experience with Christ. Christ and his apostles became an image of more radical simplicity. The church became made a huge impact in daily life. It served as a spiritual and religious guidance. The church also made an impact into Europe's government.
A hoplite was a Greek spear warrior that typically served as regular infantry that wasn’t elite, nor sub par.
C. ice melting...
hope this helps!!