The rule of Pericles was simply a period of time after the Persian Wars, where Athens was trying to recoup from the war. Oftentimes, this was used to build up the treasury to ensure that Athens would return back to its originally glorious state.
It benefited in numerous ways but mainly it and maybe most importantly it gave them the access to the China trade. The Pacific route was also Spain's exclusively for a certain period of time and there was also a great need for silver in China which was supplied by the Spaniards from their silver mines.
All of the above, my dude.
Answer: in ancient Babylon clay tablets were used for business transactions when fingerprints were necessary.
They did not, the western allies did not know about the holocaust until after they conquered Germany and they immediately freed all the Jews from the concentration camps.