The answer is the parent material. Parent material is what occurs on the surface before soil begins to form. This is found in new environments such as after a volcanic activity. Pioneers organisms of an ecosystem and abiotic elements of weathering such as water and temperatures begin to weather the rocks into smaller particles, Humus and organic matter from life accumulate with the minute rock particles to form soil over time. The topmost soil is the most developed and this is why soil has profiles towards the deep into the parent rock material, depending on the stage of weathering.
Answer:
<h3>An electric motor converts electrical energy into physical movement. Electric motors generate magnetic fields with electric current through a coil. The magnetic field then causes a force with a magnet that causes movement or spinning that runs the motor. Electric motors are used in all sorts of applications.</h3>
Both Radioactive dating of rocks retrieved from the world and Comparing cratering rates on one world to those on another.
Geologists can find the relative age of impact craters on a world because
the ones on top must be younger.
Scientists know the history of Earth's magnetic field because the magnetic field gets frozen into rocks, and plate tectonics spreads them out.
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3,4,2,1
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