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Answer:</h2>
<h3>1. Hepatitis B </h3><h3>2. Levels of circulating antibodies against a certain antigen.</h3>
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Explanation:</h2>
<h3>Hope its help</h3>
Imagine you are surveying a population of a mountain range where the inhabitants live in the valleys with no inhabitants on the large mountains between. If your sample area is the valleys, and you use this to estimate the population across the entire mountain range, <u>you overestimate the actual population size</u>
<u />
Explanation:
- An estimate that turns out to be incorrect will be an overestimate if the estimate exceeded the actual result, and an underestimate if the estimate fell short of the actual result.
- The mean of the sampling distribution of a statistic is sometimes referred to as the expected value of the statistic. Therefore the sample mean is an unbiased estimate of μ.
- Any given sample mean may underestimate or overestimate μ, but there is no systematic tendency for sample means to either under or overestimate μ.
- Bias is the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter. Bias can seep into your results for a slew of reasons including sampling or measurement errors, or unrepresentative samples
Mechanical stress applied to bone increases osteoblast activity in bone tissue, and the removal of mechanical stress decreases osteoblast activity.
Explanation:
Osteoblasts are cells , that are produced in the bone marrow and are responsible for formation of bones and bone matrix.
Whenever a mechanical stress is applied on the bones , a series of reactions are triggered. As a result the activities of osteoblast increases to synthesize more and more bone matrix to provide strength.
Again on the other hand a decrease in mechanical causes a decrease in the activities of the osteoblasts.
Answer:
B. cv+cv w+w
Explanation:
Fruit flies have a special nomenclature to write the genotype of individuals.
- If the mutation is recessive, you have to write it with lowercase letter(s).
- If the mutation is dominant, you have to write it with capital letter(s).
- Wild-type alleles are indicated with a superscript plus (+).
In this problem, both crossveinless (cv) and white (w) mutations are recessive.
<u>For that reason, a heterozygous individual's genotype for both genes will be written as:</u>
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cv⁺ cv w⁺ w</h2>
