I think what is meant here is the fact that the borders of African countries are unusually straight and do not follow natural landscapes (see the borders between Namibia and Botswana) - this is a legacy of how the land was shared by the colonial powers.
Astroturfing came from a name of a brand called Astro Turf known in producing fake carpets of grass making it look natural. To pattern this, Astrotufing is the fake support by hiding the original sponsor with the use of grass participants, For the environmental justice, an event may astroturf to make it look like the event may have real supporters.
He wrote the Ninety-Five Theses
Answer:
making a decision by listing pros and cons
