Answer:
D. <em>the creation of mandates to manage certain territories</em>
Answer:
Northern anger over the assassination of Lincoln and the immense human cost of the war led to demands for punitive policies. Vice President Andrew Johnson had taken a hard line and spoke of hanging Confederates, but when he succeeded Lincoln as president, Johnson took a much softer position, pardoning many Confederate leaders and former Confederates.[78] Former Confederate President Jefferson Davis was held in prison for two years, but other Confederate leaders were not. There were no trials on charges of treason. Only one person—Captain Henry Wirz, the commandant of the prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia—was executed for war crimes. Andrew Johnson's conservative view of Reconstruction did not include the involvement of blacks or former slaves in government and he refused to heed Northern concerns when Southern state legislatures implemented Black Codes that set the status of the freedmen much lower than that of citizens.[9]
Smith argues that "Johnson attempted to carry forward what he considered to be Lincoln's plans for Reconstruction."[79] McKitrick says that in 1865 Johnson had strong support in the Republican Party, saying: "It was naturally from the great moderate sector of Unionist opinion in the North that Johnson could draw his greatest comfort."[80] Billington says: "One faction, the moderate Republicans under the leadership of Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, favored a mild policy toward the South."[81] Lincoln biographers Randall and Current argued that:
It is likely that had he lived, Lincoln would have followed a policy similar to Johnson's, that he would have clashed with congressional Radicals, that he would have produced a better result for the freedmen than occurred, and that his political skills would have helped him avoid Johnson's mistakes.[82]
Historians generally agree that President Johnson was an inept politician who lost all his advantages by unskilled maneuvering. He broke with Congress in early 1866 and then became defiant and tried to block enforcement of Reconstruction laws passed by the U.S. Congress. He was in constant conflict constitutionally with the Radicals in Congress over the status of freedmen and whites in the defeated South.[83] Although resigned to the abolition of slavery, many former Confederates were unwilling to accept both social changes and political domination by former slaves. In the words of Benjamin Franklin Perry, President Johnson's choice as the provisional governor of South Carolina: "First, the Negro is to be invested with all political power, and then the antagonism of interest between capital and labor is to work out the result."[84]
However, the fears of the mostly conservative planter elite and other leading white citizens were partly assuaged by the actions of President Johnson, who ensured that a wholesale land redistribution from the planters to the freedmen did not occur. President Johnson ordered that confiscated or abandoned lands administered by the Freedmen's Bureau would not be redistributed to the freedmen but would be returned to pardoned owners. Land was returned that would have been forfeited under the Confiscation Acts passed by Congress in 1861 and 1862.
Explanation:
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They all used the same routes to travel the ocean
Answer: Very Bad.
Explanation:
The United States were a staunch supporter of Chiang Kai-shek who was the leader of mainland China as a Nationalist from 1928 to 1949.
In 1949, the Communists under Mao Zedong defeated Chiang and forced him to flee to Taiwan.
The US were wary of Communism and determined not to let it spread and so did not recognize the new Chinese state. They recognized Taiwan as China and even gave China's seat in the UN Security Council to Taiwan.
Various incidents highlighted how bad relations were between the 2 nations. Some of them included; the Korean War, the Taiwan Strait Crises, the Vietnam war and the Tibetan Crisis.
During the Korean War, China and the United States went against each other with China attacking United Nations forces which were mostly made up of Americans and the United Nations counter attacking. The conflict was so bad that General MacArthur called for a nuclear strike on China.
The Taiwan Strait Crisis almost saw the Nationalists who were allied to the US go to war with the Communists.
The Vietnam war saw the United States and the Chinese again supporting different sides of a conflict when the Chinese supported North Vietnam and the Americans, the South.
However during the late 60s, Soviet Russia and Communist China saw a thaw in their relationship as both subscribed to varying degrees of Communism. This saw minor border clashes but more importantly it convinced President Nixon to reach out to China. From 1967 onwards, the two countries began to negotiate a path forward which saw the games Ping Pong Diplomacy of 1971 where an American Ping Pong team came to play against a Chinese one.
