The American economy was caught in transition on the eve of the Civil War. What had been an almost purely agricultural economy in 1800 was in the first stages of an industrial revolution which would result in the United States becoming one of the world's leading industrial powers by 1900. But the beginnings of the industrial revolution in the prewar years was almost exclusively limited to the regions north of the Mason-Dixon line, leaving much of the South far behind.
In 1860, the South was still predominantly agricultural, highly dependent upon the sale of staples to a world market. By 1815, cotton was the most valuable export in the United States; by 1840, it was worth more than all other exports combined. But while the southern states produced two-thirds of the world's supply of cotton, the South had little manufacturing capability, about 29 percent of the railroad tracks, and only 13 percent of the nation's banks. The South did experiment with using slave labor in manufacturing, but for the most part it was well satisfied with its agricultural economy.
The North, by contrast, was well on its way toward a commercial and manufacturing economy, which would have a direct impact on its war making ability. By 1860, 90 percent of the nation's manufacturing output came from northern states. The North produced 17 times more cotton and woolen textiles than the South, 30 times more leather goods, 20 times more pig iron, and 32 times more firearms. The North produced 3,200 firearms to every 100 produced in the South. Only about 40 percent of the Northern population was still engaged in agriculture by 1860, as compared to 84 percent of the South.
Even in the agricultural sector, Northern farmers were out-producing their southern counterparts in several important areas, as Southern agriculture remained labor intensive while northern agriculture became increasingly mechanized. By 1860, the free states had nearly twice the value of farm machinery per acre and per farm worker as did the slave states, leading to increased productivity. As a result, in 1860, the Northern states produced half of the nation's corn, four-fifths of its wheat, and seven-eighths of its oats. So basically the south
It was the philosopher John Locke who most influenced Thomas Jefferson, especially when he was writing the Declaration of Independence, since Locke focussed on personal liberty.
Crisis<span> and Jackson's Response to </span>Nullification<span>. This was the scene in </span>1832<span>, when South Carolina adopted the ordinance to </span>nullify<span> the tariff acts and label them unconstitutional. Despite sympathetic voices from other Southern states, South Carolina found itself standing alone.</span>
Spain. It established the Viceroyalty of New Granada in there.
Explanation:
The viceroyalty of New Granada was a Spanish viceroyalty in South America, which included the present-day states of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Ecuador. It was formed from parts of the already existing Spanish viceroys New Spain and Peru and was thus the third Spanish viceroyalty on American soil. The establishment of another viceroyalty became necessary after the administration of the vast areas under Spanish rule had proven increasingly difficult in a single viceroyalty.
