A logical fallacy has to do with the faulty conclusion which is gotten when making an argument that is invalid based on the available facts and premise.
There are different types of fallacy and some of them include:
- Straw man fallacy
- Fallacy of hasty generalisation
- Appeal to force
- False dilemma
- Faulty analogy, etc
The main aim of a logical fallacy is to give a faulty conclusion that is not logical at all but misleading and incorrect on careful observation.
Please note that your question is incomplete so I gave you a general overview to help you get a better understanding of the concept.
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The only correct statement is: The literature of the Americas reflects the diversity of the people and cultures in each region.
It is not a homogenous literature, as those regions have had very different and diverse histories, social contexts, preoccupations. The North American literature developed during 18th and 19th centuries already, whereas the South American literature achieved world fame in the 20th century, especially with the advance of the so-called "magic realism" as its staple.
Answer:
In the opening Prologue of Romeo and Juliet, the Chorus refers to the title characters as “star-crossed lovers,” an allusion to the belief that stars and planets have the power to control events on Earth. This line leads many readers to believe that Romeo and Juliet are inescapably destined to fall in love and equally destined to have that love destroyed. However, though Shakespeare’s play raises the possibility that some impersonal, supernatural force shapes Romeo and Juliet’s lives, by the end of the play it becomes clear that the characters bear more of the responsibility than Fortune does.
Explanation:
This line leads many readers to believe that Romeo and Juliet are inescapably destined to fall in love and equally destined to have that love destroyed. This is the main part of the story.
C. Odysseus will encounter difficult seas for the rest of his journey.
Explanation:
Polyphemus' father Poseidon, God of Seas and exclaims that he takes a revenge on Odysseus and stops him from reaching home. He cries out to him after he hears to the news that Odysseus killed the suitors. Polyphemus, unknown of the facts that the suitors were courting Penelope, asks his father to take revenge against Odysseus.
With this phrase, the reader can understand that Odysseus may encounter difficult seas for the rest of his journey.
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B. using few words. </span>
