Answer:
they originated from the prophet Muhammad
Explanation:
There were many factors that led to the rise of political machines in American cities in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. One of the major factors that led to the rise of political machines was the rise of immigrant populations who sought to gain and increase their influence in the political realm and served as a powerful political tool for political machines. Political machines worked to enfranchise these voters through a system of patronage, and bribes and would bring them out on election days to support politicians who paid political bosses or awarded government privileges to. Positive aspects of this system were that it gave some increased level of representation of immigrant populations and worked to enfranchise these new political groups. However, these machines led to a high level of corruption and hurt the meritocracy of government institutions at the time.
Answer:
It is Napoleon, the French emperor of the early 19th century.
Explanation:
Napoleon had occupied Spain and also wanted to control Portugal to exclude the British. He invaded Russia with the largest army ever assembled until then in history in the summer of 1812: half a million men. The Russian kept withdrawing and only fought some major frontal battles with La Grande Armée. Moscow was abandoned, the French occupied it without resistance, but a few days later, it was burned by the Russians; the French were left with no food. Just before the start of the winter, Napoleon quit Moscow with his army for a long retreat with no appropiate winter clothes and no food; they were harassed by Cosacks and were persecuted by the Russian army; only around 20,000-30,000 men survived the disastrous campaign that broke France´s might. Napoleon raised another army, but his enemies proved to be stronger this time and force his abdication in 1814 while Paris was surrounded.
He was sent to exile to Elba, but he escaped in 1815 and retook power. He fought his last battle in Waterloo, Belgium, on June 18, 1815, he suffered his final defeat at the hands of the British and the Prussians.
