The answer is 'by not fulfilling expectations'. The other options don't really surprise the reader, and if the plot is going into one direction, and then what you'd expect to happen doesn't actually happen, you are surprised, and the element of irony is achieved.
The karait tried to bite teddy,Rikki killed him to protect teddy
Internal citations provide the author and page number of the source, while the Works Cited provides all publication information.
