<span>d: All of the above were important factors in the Scramble for Africa.</span>
By the end of the 19th century, reform efforts resulted in a constitutional amendment to allow women the right to vote.
In the 1877 presidential election Rutherford H. made a deal with southern democrats so that he could become president.
Rutherford Hayes promised to remove the last troops from the south and put an end to Reconstruction in the states of South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.