The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached to further context or reference, we can say the following.
The characteristics of civilization are they have cities, a form of government, the presence of religions, solid culture and art, defined social structures, record keeping of time and events, education, and the presence of certain kinds of technology that allows the civilization to prosper.
The turn of civilizations can be problematic in that the evolution of man and its social structures is not an easy task to accomplish because humans have different interests regarding politics, and power. These interests sometimes clash with each other and problems arise. There are many different versions of what is good for civilization.
The oldest civilization on earth, according to historians, is Sumeria. This civilization settled in between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East region, modern-day Iraq.
Dutch governor Peter Stuyvesant surrenders New Amsterdam to the British, September 8, 1664. 5. The Dutch gave up the colony without a fight. A few months later, four warships with several hundred soldiers onboard arrived in New Amsterdam's harbor and demanded that the Dutch surrender.
