Chain of islands southeast of the Virgin Islands is Bermuda. It's huge Royal Naval Dockyard complex joins present day attractions like the intuitive Dolphin Quest with oceanic history at the National Museum of Bermuda. The island has a particular mix of British and American culture, which can be found in the capital, Hamilton.
Pretty much Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Syria.
A slow change to the earth's surface would be the formation of mountain ranges over millions of years due to the shifting of tectonic plates under the earth. Also, another slow change could be considered erosion or weathering. Two rapid changes could be landslides and earthquakes.
Secondary is the answer I think!