Question

Which BEST describes how the bubonic plague affected the feudal system in medieval Europe?

Answer 1

C) The plague killed many peasants who worked the land, so the ruling classes did not have as many farmers to work their lands.

 

Further Explanation:

The ravages of the bubonic plague affected and shook the feudal relations in Europe upon which medieval European society typically functioned. The bubonic plague killed almost one-third of Europe’s population and spread more rapidly amongst the peasants and laborers, who did not have access to proper sanitation measures, or health facilities. Usually, peasant populations dwelled in unsanitary surroundings and lived in close proximity to each other, which allowed the plague to spread faster. Medieval European feudal relations were organized on the basis of ties to ownership of land. The rich and aristocratic classes had vast landholdings, which they gave to their vassals for cultivation. These vassals were usually landless farmers, who would cultivate the land on behalf of their master, who was entitled to the largest share of the produce. The peasants depended on their master for survival, with no hopes for manumission. With the plague killing off most of the peasant population, there was no one left to cultivate fields, which led to a shortage of food grains.  

The decimation of peasant populations meant that the ruling class would either had to import slaves to work on their lands or abandon them altogether. However, it was not the case. With a lot of land available, the peasants could ask for higher laborer wages, whereas previously it was non-negotiable. Moreover, large sections of populations were wiped out due to hunger and starvation, while the ruling classes escaped to the countryside or to other kingdoms that were not affected by the plague. Low yields and lack of surplus halted trade routes, as commercial exchange came to a standstill. There was a complete breakdown of law and order as rebellions broke out, causing many dynasties to come to an end. The effects of the bubonic plague, thereby altered the power structures and political relations of medieval Europe.

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Answer Details:

Grade: Graduation

Chapter: The Black Death

Subject: History

Keywords:

Bubonic plague, the killing of peasants, unsanitary conditions, no access to health facilities, feudal relations, manumission, cultivation of land, starvation, no commercial exchange, rebellion.  

Answer 2

The correct answer is option C) "The plague killed many peasants who worked the land, so the ruling classes did not have as many farmers to work their lands". The bubonic plague was a devastating global epidemic that affected Asia and Europe. The feudal system was affected in medieval Europe since many farmers died victims of the plague, which resulted in a reduced number of peasants to work them.