O The city's artisans made and traded unique pottery.
Explanation:
The kingdom of Kerma grew wealthy from agriculture and the mining of gold. Trade (gold, precious stones, ivory, animal hide, ebony, cattle) also contributed to the city's wealth, due to its location in the centre of a fertile basin and at the crossroads of desert routes linking Egypt, the Red Sea and the heart of Africa.
A beating is far less severe than torture and mutilation.
Explanation:
Torture is far more extensive and does more damage as well as increases the chance greatly of psychological damage. Mutilation is also way too harsh due to the same facts.
