The subordinate clause here is - "who just finished the marathon". It is an adjective, a part of the subject "the woman who just finished the marathon". That subordinate clause describes the subject in more detail.
Subordinate clause: who just finished the marathon (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE).
A clause is a group of related words that have at least a subject and a verb. It may express a complete thought (independent clause) or it may not (dependent or subordinate clauses).
"who just finished the marathon" is a subordinate clause as it can not stand alone as a full sentence and have a coherent meaning. And it is also an adjective clause because it functions as an adjective: it describes or gives characteristics to the noun "the woman", and begins with a relative pronoun "who" (which is common in subordinate clauses).
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