Judicial review is where they determine if a law is unconstitutional or not. this affected the role of the supreme court because the judicial branch aka supreme court reviews the actions of the executive and legislative branches
The northern part of the United States won when Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in 1864
I believe the document is the Emancipation Proclamation, and it was issued by president Abraham Lincoln.
Prior to the beginning of the civil war, citizens from the south supported Stephen Douglas. However, the Lincoln Douglas debates caused a drastic split in the Democratic Party.