I believe the college students were.
Even though Indonesia gained its independence from the Dutch, the country was still poor because Dutch used this country for crops and gave little investments to transportation, education, and health. With this fact, the economy of this country in that time was still progressing.
It could be argued that as its intellectual voice, "Langston Hughes" became the leader of the Harlem Renaissance, although of course there were many other prominent leaders as well.
Answer: Germany, Italy, and Japan.