The
amplitude of a sound energy depends upon the how much energy we are
giving to the wave or how much compression on the wave is taking place.
It does’t depends upon the wave length,frequency
For a direct mapped cache the general rule is: first figure out the bits of the offset (the right-most bits of the address), then figure out the bits of the index (the next-to right-most address bits), and then the tag is everything left over (on the left side).
One way to think of a direct mapped cache is as a table with rows and columns. The index tells you what row to look at, then you compare the tag for that row, and if it matches, the offsettells you which column to use. (Note that the order you use the parts: index/tag/offset, is different than the order in which you figure out which bits are which: offset/index/tag.)
So in part (a) The block size is 1 word, so you need 0 offset bits (because <span><span><span>20</span>=1</span><span><span>20</span>=1</span></span>). You have 16 blocks, so you need 4 index bits to give 16 different indices (because <span><span><span>24</span>=16</span><span><span>24</span>=16</span></span>). That leaves you with the remaining 28 bits for the tag. You seem to have gotten this mostly right (except for the rows for "180" and "43" where you seem to have missed a few bits, and the row for "181" where you interchanged some bits when converting to binary, I think). You are correct that everything is a miss.
For part (b) The block size is 2 words, so you need 1 offset bit (because <span><span><span>21</span>=2</span><span><span>21</span>=2</span></span>). You have 8 blocks, so you need 3 index bits to give 8 different row indices (because <span><span><span>23</span>=8</span><span><span>23</span>=8</span></span>). That leaves you with the remaining 28 bits for the tag. Again you got it mostly right except for the rows for "180" and "43" and "181". (Which then will change some of the hits and misses.)
Ummmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
I’m just doing this because why not. Lol don’t read this.
Answer:
A: Using Encapsulating Security Payload
B: Using MACs (Message Authentication Codes)
Explanation:
Data integrity means that, the data should be authentic and accurate. This data is not being attempted to change and it is as accurate as sent by the sender. In transmission path different protocols has been used to make sure and maintain the integrity of message or data.
We can perform this by using Encapsulating Security Payload
, where the data is encapsulate and hidden between security keys. This protocol ensures the integrity and confidentiality of data between sender and receiver.
MAC (Message authentication Codes) are small codes that are added along with the data while sending by the sender. These codes ensures the data integrity and protect it from the hackers. These codes make sure that data will not changed during transmission.
