Parliamentary participation in the foreign policy decision-making process is practically nil or that boils down to the role of chancelling the treaties agreed by the Executive, in addition to the ratification of treaties, other forms of participation available to Congress.
Congress controls the purse strings, so it has significant influence over all kinds of federal issues --including foreign policy. Most important is the oversight role played by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. The House and Senate Committees
Answer: it affected soldiers heavily while it had a terrible impact on civilians in particular 1) in the areas affected directed by the fighting; 2) in Germany and Austria-Hungary.
