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<u><em>So what is civilisation? In the literal sense it means living in towns, but I would like to suggest that in modern usage, it tends to embrace the term ‘freedom’, to be involved in what we call ‘democracy’ — though democracy itself is a very slippery term. It is better perhaps to look at the opposite, which is totalitarianism, a long word which denotes a state where the ruler demands not only control over your body, but over your mind too. And it is this demand for control over your mind that marks the totalitarian state, or barbarism. And it is freedom to think that is the essence of civilisation.
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<u><em>This freedom to think has its origin in economics. In a society ruled by an Emperor or Pharaoh, a Dictator who controls everything, you depend on the ruler for your well-being and for the necessities and luxuries of daily life. You are under the control of the ruler, so you switch off your critical facilities and enthusiastically follow the ruler. You are brain-washed (which in practice can be a not unpleasant form of life). In economics, this is what is known as the gift exchange society where you pay tribute to the ruler, and the ruler in return gives you the essential luxuries of life as ‘gifts’.
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<u><em>But once you get control of your everyday economics, you move into a different form of society which we call civilisation, where you have control of what you buy and how you live –and what you think. Economically, this new form of choice depends on money. The essence of money is that it gives you choice, and when you have choice in your everyday life, and you live in a market economy, this brings about a new way of living which we call civilisation.</em></u>
Explanation:
<span>What dynasty succeeded the Umayyads and who established the dynasty ?</span>Omayyad dynasty
Declaration of the Independence of the United States of Americab (the official title is The unanimous declaration of the thirteen United States of America) is a document of the Continental Congress whose drafted by the second -eri State of the Pennsylvania Chamber (now Salon de la independent ) Philadelphia on July 4, 1776- proclaimed that the Thirteen_Martyrs_City North American coloniesc -then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain- had self-defined as thirteen products in the United sovereign and independent no longer recognized British rule 11 instead formed a new nation: the United States. John Adams, was one of the politicians who undertook the independence process, approved by Congress on July 2 full if opposition. Encargo accompanies a formal declaration to draft the, which is presented when Congress votes on it two days later.
<span>The Japanese reached Guadalcanal in May 1942. When the allied forces spotted construction of an airfield on Guadalcanal, It was one of the most hotly contested campaigns for control of the ground, sea and skies of the war. Guadalcanal became a major turning-point in the war as it stopped Japanese expansion.
-Wikepedia
This should answer all your questions. I hope it helped. Have a great night!
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'Peace through strength' is the idea that military power can secure peace. It is associated with conservative politics and was often used by the former U.S. President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. More recently it's been used by the current President Donald Trump.
