The answer is of course B - water.
Japan is consisted out of four big islands (Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, and Kyushu). While each of them also has their own small characteristics, separate from each other, Japan has in general been isolated due to its specific geographical environment. Not being connected to any landmass such as neighbouring China, the only contact they could have had was by boat. And travelling by boat has always been more difficult compared to packing your stuff and going somewhere.
Mexico, mesoamerica........................
Answer:
It allowed emperors to justify conquering new territories. It inspired merchants to spread European ideas about democracy.
The answer is the Ottoman Empire.
The Ottoman Empire conquered the Byzantine Empire and its capital, Constantinople, in 1453 CE. Since then, the Ottoman Empire remained as a strong power and its sovereignty spanned from the Balkans and Anatolia to the Middle East and all of North-Africa. Since it was an Islamic empire, it influenced strongly in the culture and politics of the Middle East. This empire collapsed with the end of the World War I in 1919, and most of its former territories were divided by the British and the French or formed new nation-states. The Republic of Turkey is the direct heir state of the Ottoman Empire.
