They imperialized their colonies by forcing them to adopt european customs, ideas, religions, and style of warfare. they also opened up trade.
There is a role for the United Nations still as a Peacekeeper in today's world because they can't necessarily force a country to make or keep peace but they can go to a country with a smaller war going on and slowly make peace and as they progress with the small countries they can move onto the bigger countries to make peace.
The Americans were upset over the Stamp Act because Great Britain imposed an internal tax on all paper documents in her colonies. If the Americans wanted anything printed, it had to be printed in the United Kingdom and there was a tax or levy imposed on the printed documents. The reason for the Stamp Act was that Great Britain was in debt after the Seven Years War, and she was looking to recoup her losses after the war. Needless to say, the Americans were very unhappy that they were being punished for the war.
I think the answer would be number 2
The Tang dynasty saw a great advance in literature and the arts. The also saw a big power increase.