Answer:
B or Fat molecules contain more energy-containing bonds than simple sugars.
Explanation:
<u>Answer</u>: c natural selection - smaller guppies became less visible to predators d selective breeding - predators select prey based on preferred traits.
In nature, predators prefer larger individuals. They will provide sufficient nourishment, not only to compensate for the used energy during the hunt, but also to sustain the individual for a period of time. Smaller individuals are hunted only if they are infants and thus vulnerable and easily caught.
Thorugh the introduction of the predator, being small became evolutionary advantageous. Thus, large guppy where preyed upon and did not succeed in reproducing. However, small guppy survived and reproduced successfully, thus passing on their genes. The next generation will be composed by the offspring of the smaller fish.
Mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs at a constant rate throughout history. Thus, each different base in Mitochondrial DNA is able to show just how long ago the 2 species diverged from each other.
Hope this helps! :)
Complete question:
Receptors trigger one of two effector pathways resulting in changes in neuronal activity. These changes will, ultimately, effect gene expression. Which effector pathway is characterized by ion flux through transmitter-activated channels resulting in an altered membrane potential and neuronal activity?
A. Slow effector pathways
B. Modulated effector pathways
C. Rapid effector pathways
D. NMDA glutamate receptor pathways
Answer:
D. NMDA glutamate receptor pathways
Explanation:
The NMDA glutamatergic receptor is a cationic channel receptor modulated by a ligand that allows the transport of Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Under certain situations, it exhibits particular permeability to Ca2+. The receptor has different regions that are susceptible to modulation by endogenous and exogenous agents. The receptor can be found at most excitatory synapses, where it responds to the neurotransmitter glutamate. During synapsis, the presynaptic membrane releases L-glutamate, which is received by NMDA glutamatergic receptor. The receptor plays a regulatory role because activates signaling cascades that depend on calcium.
These receptors are involved in normal synaptic transmission, in a diverse physiological phenomenon, and might be responsible for neurodegenerative processes.
