Answer:
C). Added introductory words or phrases. 
Explanation:
Introductory words or phrases are described as the adverbs or interjections that are primarily employed to introduce a sentence in order to establish connectivity between the ideas and ensure a smooth transition. 
In the given sentence, 'introductory words or phrases' have been added to revise the sentence. The introductory word 'because' functions to link the two ideas(I studied hard and I did well on the exam') together in a cause-and-effect structure. <u>It converts the first clause('I studied hard') into a 'dependent clause'('Because I studied hard') that is setting the stage for main clause to ensure a smooth transition between ideas and enhance its efficacy</u>. Therefore, <u>option C</u> is the correct answer. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
In 'Night', the narrator is Eliezer, a Hungarian boy who was 12 years old at the moment and who was living in Sighet. This town was part of Hungary during World War II, at the time this story was set (on the contrary now it is in Romania). 
Moshe the Beadle was Eliezer's teacher of Jewish doctrine and, in fact, he was an inspiring and challenging educator for this kid. All foreign Jews were sent out of town by the Hungarian police, including Moshe, as part of the anti-Semitic acts generalized all over the nazi Europe. Hungary was one of Germany's allies during World War II, and obeyed the type of politics fostered by Hitler, contributing to spread attacks against Jews and ejections within its territory. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
What are the options for the question?
        
             
        
        
        
It is objective because it is based on facts and does not present feelings or opinions. 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The best statement in the options to replace the underlined section in the question: Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that there are clearly identifiable thinking skills that students can be taught to recognize and apply appropriately, and <u>if recognized and applied, students </u> will become more effective thinkers, would be, E: that if students recognize and apply these skills, they.... As such, the full response to your question, would be:
Critical-thinking instruction is predicated on two assumptions: that there are clearly identifiable thinking skills that students can be taught to recognize and apply appropriately, and that if students recognize and apply these skills, they will become more effective thinkers.
Explanation:
The first reason to choose E comes from the structure provided by the initial sentence. Since after the colon, the sentence initiates with a "that" and the clause, then the answer, in grammatical agreement, will have to have the same format in its beginning. From the options, only two fit that requirement, D and E. However, D relies the meaning that it is the students, and not the application of the skills, that will reach the goal stated in the final clause, which is not at all logical. Also, E, aside from completing the full statement in a logical manner, does so clarifying all the necessary information to make sense of the importance of what is being said.