Answer:
All of these choices are correct.
Explanation:
Cell cycle is the process of growth and division of cell. It comprises of interphase and mitosis. In interphase the cell grows, replicates its genomic content and prepares itself for division. In mitosis the division occurs.
Cell cycle is controlled by a group of kinases called as Cyclin dependent Kinases (CDKs). They act by phosphorylating their substrates. They are of various types like Cdk1, Cdk2, Cdk4 etc. They become active when they bind to a regulatory protein called cyclin. They are also of various types like Cyclin A, Cyclin B, Cyclin C etc. Level of cyclin and corresponding CDK increases and decreases according to the stage of cell cycle. For example in S phase of cell cycle concentration of cyclin A and E shoots up. CDK2 is able to bind to these cyclin molecules and hence it becomes active.
Cell cycle has major checkpoints where the condition of cell is analysed before it proceeds to the next stage of cycle. If any abnormality is detected, repair mechanism is activated or the cell is killed. Checkpoints do not allow cell cycle to proceed in damaged cells.
p53 is a tumor suppressor protein which can halt cell cycle when it detects some abnormality in cell. It usually acts in G1/S checkpoint (before the DNA replication starts in cell) and G2/M checkpoint (before the cell division begins). Hence, all of the above statements are true.
Answer:
The question is incomplete, it lacks options. The options are:
A) It has made the demand for insulin decrease.
B) It has made the incidence of diabetes decrease.
C) It has made it easier for diabetics to inject themselves with insulin.
D) It has made insulin cheaper and more readily available.
The answer is D
Explanation:
Genetic engineering is a biotechnological procedure that involves the transfer of genes from one organism to another using biotechnology. In this case, bacteria cells are said to be genetically modified because their genetic content is tampered with and the genes that produces the insulin protein in humans is added into their genome. Hence, they transcribe and translate this gene to produce the protein-insulin.
Diabetic patients cannot produce this insulin in their system. Hence, the insulin produced from this genetically modified bacteria cells can be administered to diabetics via injection. This genetically modified way of producing insulin has proven to be a far better option to the previous practice of slaughtering cattles and pigs to obtain this protein because the GM method allows insulin to be produced in large amounts making it available and cheaper to diabetics.
Similar to the other types of muscle, smooth muscle contraction is caused by the sliding of myosin and actin filaments over each other. Calcium initiates contractions in a different way in a smooth muscle than in a skeletal muscle.
Smooth muscles use less energy to generate the given amount of force, can substain contractile force without fatigue & uses calcium from the sarcoplasic reticulum & extracellular space.
Answer:
Biodiverisity can increase the rate of extinction
Explanation:i did the quiz my self thats teh answer for this question
They have unique no. of protons in its nucleus
