Answer:
limiting factors like the availability of food, water, shelter and space can change animal and plant populations. Other limiting factors, like competition for resources, predation and disease can also impact populations. ... Sometimes a population will grow too large for the environment to support.
Explanation: a
Answer:
The immune system response against pathogens in order to protect our cells from the damage and prevent diseases.
There are different cells in the blood including macrophages, mast cells, and natural killer cells etcetra which recognises the specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the pathogen’s surface. PAMPs can be classified as polypeptide, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid which are expressed by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Immune system detects "self" from the "foreign" antigen and destroy the pathogen without damaging the host cell.
Hence, immune cells detect foreign pathogens through specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the pathogen’s surface.
Kidneys and skin are part of the excretory system the bladder is part of the urinary system.
The total energy from an isolated system is constant; energy can be changed from one form to another, but can't be created or destroyed.