<span>1. Which need did the first universities in medieval Europe seek to meet? D. Training for members of the clergy
2. Which of the following was a medieval Christian scholar who believed that and faith could reinforce each other? D. Thomas Aquinas
3. Which medieval author wrote an epic tale about Christian pilgrims that reflected many societal roles of the period? C. Geoffrey Chaucer
4. Which type of architecture best characterizes the work of late medieval Europe? B. Gothic Cathedrals
5. How did the bubonic plague spread to medieval Europe C. Through trade ships
6. Which idea did the late medieval Church label as hersey
B. That the Bible, not the Church, was the source of the truth
7. Which even most contributed to the decline of the Middle Ages? B. The Hundred Years' War
8. How did the Church respond to John Wycliffe's call for reforms, such as translating the Bible into English?
D. The Church labeled Wycliffe a heretic after his death
9. How did the Hundred Years' War affect medieval Europe?
B. The longbow and cannon made knights and castles less important
10. Which of the following did the Byzantines most contribute to the Renaissance? A. A diverse body of knowledge
11. Which geographic feature(s) supported productive trade for Russian civilization? D. Volga and Dnieper Rivers
12. Which most directly contributed to the rise of the Russian Orthodox Church? A. Byzantine Empire
13. Which leader introduced tsarists absolute rule in Moscow B. Ivan the Great
14. Which group brought Mongol rule to Russia and Eastern Europe B. Golden Horde 15. South Slavs, Servs, Croats, and Slovenes all helped settle which region? C. The Balkans</span>
