The caliphate created a bureaucracy where only Muslims held all positions of power. Option A is correct.
A caliphate refers to an Islamic state under the leadership of an Islamic steward known as calipha, a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).
Bureaucracy refers to a body of non-elective government officials as well as an administrative policy-making group.
Answer:
The western German tribes consisted of the Marcomanni, Alamanni, Franks, Angles, and Saxons,
Explanation:
The western German tribes consisted of the Marcomanni, Alamanni, Franks, Angles, and Saxons, while the Eastern tribes north of the Danube consisted of the Vandals, Gepids, Ostrogoths, and Visigoths. The Alans, Burgundians, and Lombards are less easy to define.
Answer:
What led to communism in Russia?
In Russia, efforts to build communism began after Tsar Nicholas II lost his power during the February Revolution, and ended with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.
Answer:
They encouraged citizens to attend ballet and theater performances. They focused attention on religious art. They spent large sums of money on the arts. They paid writers to create new novels.
Explanation:
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