Answer:
increase anxiety; decreased vulnerability to overreact to stress
Explanation:
Serotonin (5-HT) is a natural neurotransmitter that carries signals between nerve cells (neurons) throughout the body. This neurotransmitter (serotonin) is responsible for regulating many biological functions (e.g., mood, digestion, sleep, etc). Moreover, it has been shown that there is an association between low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA, the principal serotonin metabolite in the brain) levels and the risk of developing depression or destructive behaviors. In addition, serotonin concentration can also be elevated in situations of anxiety and/or stress. Antidepressants such as Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil act as serotonin uptake inhibitors that increase serotonin concentration at the synaptic site. Like other drugs, these antidepressants may lead to increase anxiety and decrease the vulnerability to react to stress by downregulating sensitivity to serotonin released during natural stress situations.
Answer:
e. PhoU keeps PhoR bound to the phosphate transporter protein Pst
Explanation:
PhoU is a membrane protein known to regulate the transport of phosphate (Pi) between cellular compartments. It has been discovered that mutations in this protein cause lethality because the cell becomes incapable of controlling the intracellular levels of Pi, this being toxic for the cell. PhoR is a histidine kinase/phosphatase. When the Pi level is considered to be a limiting factor, PhoR autophosphorylates at a histidine residue and then donates its phosphoryl group to PhoB. On the other hand, when the Pi level is high, this protein removes the phosphoryl group from phospho-PhoB. Finally, the Pst is a signal transduction protein that acts as a transporter capable of switching its conformation during the transport of PI.
Answer: hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic
Explanation: The tonicity of a solution depends in part on its concentration of the solute that can not pass the membrane (non penetrating solute) relative to that inside the cell.
Hypotonic solution (hypo means less): contains less concentration of non penetrating solute relative to that inside the cell. Water will enter the cell and the cell will swell and late.
Isotonic solution (Iso means same): it contains thesame solute relative to that in the cell, there will be no net movement of water across the plasma membrane.
Hypertonic solution (hyper means more) Hypertonic solution contain more solute relative to that in the cell. Hence the cell will lose water to its environment and may shrink and die.
They are eukaryotic and don't move, plants are autotrophic - making their own energy - and have cell walls made of cellulose, but fungi are heterotrophic - taking in food for energy - and have cell walls made of chitin.
The study of heredity which is a biological process where a parent passes certain genes (traits) onto their offspring. <span>Heredity is the process that makes variations between individuals causing the evolution of species by natural selection. Inherited traits are controlled by one or more genes The study of heredity in biology is genetics.</span>
