Protein synthesis involves two stages, named as transcription and translation. During transcription, information present in DNA molecule is used to make mRNA molecule, while translation involves formation of polypeptide chain or protein by using information present in mRNA in the form of codons.
Prokaryotic organisms lake true nuclei, hence in these organisms both transcription and translation take place in cytosol. In eukaryotic organisms, transcription takes place in nucleus, while translation takes place in ribosomes, present in the cytosol.
