The land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed by them conquering lands in other countries and making palaces that reflects their power. The also made their own people to live with them so they cannot work against them.

SPICE-T characteristics of Qing Dynasty are:

S- possess pyramid emperor, gentry, agriculturalist, landlords, and peasants

P- They often likes ocean trade, Indian ocean trade

I- Indian ocean spread across their land and reduce the expansion of china

C- There was Religious tolerance, indian ocean trade

E- They are the gunpowder empire

T- Has Gunpowder weapons in the empire

Mughal Empire description using SPICE-T characteristics are:

S-They had pyramid different levels and also have rich, middle class and poor class of people.

P-They are known to have religious reform

I- They conquered lands

C-Islamic religion as well s few christian

E-Fragmentation

T- They have gunpowder weapons

The Ottoman Empire description using SPICE-T characteristics are:

S- There was mixed marriages peasants paying most taxes

P-They also had tax collectors, sultans and also Janissaries

I- They conquered Constantinople

C- The was also Peasant revolts

E- They are the Gunpowder empire

T-They had gunpowder weapons

The Safavid Empire description using SPICE-T characteristics are:

S-They are very religious

P- They expand empires and reorganize military

I- The engaged in costly wars

C-They also spent a lot of time in prayer

E- Known to have costly wars, bad leadership and possess gunpowder

T- They have gunpowder weapons

Land-based empires are known to use monumental architecture to hold power.

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