Is't d <span>D. Italian merchants traveled all over Europe, carrying luxury goods and classical texts, as well as modern printed works and Italian art.
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Although the term "bureaucracy" was not coined until the mid 18th century, organized and consistent administrative systems are much older. The development of writing<span> (ca. 3500 BC) and the use of documents was critical to the administration of this system, and the first definitive emergence of bureaucracy is in ancient </span>Sumer<span>, where an emergent class of </span>scribes<span> used </span>clay tablets<span> to administer the harvest and allocate its spoils.</span> Ancient Egypt<span> also had a hereditary class of scribes that administered the </span>civil service<span> bureaucracy.</span>
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