Answer:
the directionality problem
Explanation:
In directionality problems, there are two variables and when these two variables are co-related then it becomes impossible to decide which variable is the cause of the particular problem and which variable is the effect of the problem.
So here there are two variables depression and insomnia but scientists can not determine that out of insomnia and depression which is the cause of the problem and which is the effect of the problem so it is unclear that whether the depression causes insomnia or the lack of sleep causes depression. Therefore this is an example of directionality problem
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<u>Answer:</u>
<em>The assumption that </em><em>incorporation of carbon dioxide into plants</em><em> during photosynthesis violates the </em><em>second law of thermodynamics </em><em>is wrong because the total system including the </em><em>photosynthetic plants </em><em>and the sun become less ordered by time.
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<u>Explanation:</u>
According to second law of thermodynamics the total entropy of a system can never decrease with time.
The degree of randomness in a system is called entropy and the entropy of the universe always increases. Thus if we can consider plants and sun to be a part of the system universe where entropy is always on the increase.
Answer:
Glycolysis is the first step of the cellular respiration in an organism which is metabolic pathway that is completed in the cytosol of the cell that leads to the converting glucose to the pyruvate in order to produce energy in form of ATP:
1. Glucose-6-phosphate is ---> fructose-6-phosphate
2. fructose-6-phosphate ---> fructose-1,6-biphosphate
3. fructose-1,6-biphosphate ---> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP).
4. GAP is oxidised ----> 3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH
5. 3-bisphosphoglycerate ----> 1,3-bisphophoglycerat
6. 1,3-bisphophoglycerate ----> 3-phosphoglycerate
7. 3-phosphoglycerate ----> 2-phosphoglycerate
8. 2-phosphoglycerate ----> phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
9. phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP ----> pyruvic acid + ATP
Formation of ATP occurs in both pathways or process that are respiration and fermentation. Fermentation is a catabolic pathway leads to the degradation of sugars (partial) that result in the gain of energy and this energy are absorbed in ATP. There are difference of the amount of energy or ATP produce in these process in respiration 38 ATP are produced whereas during fermentation only 2 ATP are produced.
Sleep is the state of rest of the brain and body where physiological processes take place. More observably, the eyes close and the brain enters into a state of unconsciousness, either completely or partially. Moreover, sleep is guided by sleep/wake cycles and circadian rhythm.
