Explanation:
<u>anaerobic process that restores NAD+ supply
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Within cells, aerobic respiration may not occur due to several factors:
- - a lack of inorganic, final electron acceptors
- -incomplete or lack of a complete electron transport system
- -missing genes for enzymes within the Kreb's cycle
Thus, they utilize other means for the generation of energy in the form of ATP and to replenish NAD+ an oxidized form of NADH, the main electron carrier in glycolysis. Pyruvate is produced in the cytoplasm via glycolysis- it is also used as an electron acceptor in a process called fermentation.
Further Explanation:
overall: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
- The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
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According to the research, the correct option is B. A <u>theory</u> is the element of the scientific process that would include the greatest amount of information about living things.
<h3>What is a theory?</h3>
It is a set of ideas or proven hypotheses that explain some phenomenon studied or a scientific description based on a set of observations or experiments.
In this sense, it is a logical system that is established from observations, axioms and postulates, and is formed by the set of concepts, propositions and definitions that are related to each other with the aim of explaining the given phenomenon.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is B. A <u>theory</u> is the element of the scientific process that would include the greatest amount of information about living things.
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La troposfera es la capa de la atmósfera donde una parte de la radiación infrarroja es absorbida por los gases de efecto invernadero.
En la capa de la troposfera, que es la capa más baja de la atmósfera, hay vapor de agua, dióxido de carbono, metano y algunos otros gases que son responsables de la absorción de la radiación infrarroja. Parte de la radiación infrarroja se escapa al espacio, pero una parte es detenida y absorbida por los gases de efecto invernadero presentes en la atmósfera.
Esta absorción de radiación infrarroja por los gases de efecto invernadero contribuye a un aumento de la temperatura de la superficie de la tierra y de la atmósfera. Entonces, podemos concluir que la troposfera es la capa de la atmósfera donde una parte de la radiación infrarroja es absorbida por los gases de efecto invernadero.
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Answer:
<em>Human interaction within ecosystems can have both positive and negative impacts on the levels of biodiversity. The impact of an increase in the human population , including increased waste, deforestation , peat bog destruction and global warming has been to reduce biodiversity .</em>
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RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids are more dense than simply DNA if the density of different nucleic acids is tested using a CsCl gradient.
The primary technique employed in molecular biology is the extraction of DNA, RNA, and protein. Scientists can separate materials according to size, shape, and density by using density gradient centrifugation. Isopycnic centrifugation, a sort of density gradient centrifugation that Meselson and Stahl developed, employed a cesium chloride solution to separate DNA molecules solely on the basis of density. Because DNA has hydrogen bonds between its strands, which makes it less dense than RNA, RNA has a far larger density than DNA. RNA can be obtained at the test tube's bottom using a CsCl density gradient and high centrifugation, whereas DNA can be recovered in the middle layer.
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