No net primary production occurs BELOW THE OCEAN DEPTH WHERE LIGHT IS 1% OF SURFACE LIGHT.
Net primary production = <span>gross photosynthetic carbon fixation - the carbon respired to support maintenance requirements of the whole plant.
In short, net primary production is the "available" carbon left for to aid in plant growth and consumption of other heterotrophic organisms.</span>
Answer:
Explanation:
In the first minute the elevator desends 4 meters. The elevator stops at minute two. In minute three the elevator decends another 4 meters. The elevator stops at minute four. In minute five the elevator decends two meters.
Answer:A. The release of calcium ions causes myosin and actin to attach to each other.
The contraction of skeletal muscles takes place by induction of a nerve impulse, which produces a movement and the interaction of the filaments containing proteins named as actin and myosin. This interaction of filaments is regulated by proteins called tropomyosin and troponin present on the actin filaments. The motor nerve causes the depolarization of the muscle membrane sarcolemma. This triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions. This calcium binds to troponin and thus allows the tropomyosine strand on the actin filament to displace so that the part of the actin where myosine head needs to be attached remain uncovered. Binding of the actin myosine filament results in contraction.
Hence, the release of calcium ions causes myosin and actin to attach to each other causes muscle contraction.
The sympathetic nervous system releases hormones known as catecholamines which increase the heart rate.
<h3>What is a heart rate? </h3>
it is the number of contractions of the heart per minute.
<h3>What are catecholamines?</h3>
These are the neurotransmitters that have a catechol and a side chain that is an amine.
<h3>Which catecholamines are released by the sympathetic nervous system?</h3>
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the catecholamines that are released by the sympathetic nervous system to increase the heart rate.
<h3>Where are these hormones released?</h3>
These hormones are released in the blood.
<h3>How does this hormone increase the heart rate?</h3>
- "These hormones are released at the neuromuscular junction of the cardiac nerves."
- "They shorten the repolarization period."
- This speeds up the rate of depolarization and contraction and thus the heart rate is increased.
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Glycogen reserves can release glucose for cellular respiration. glycogen reserves are typically found in the muscles and liver.
- The liver and muscles contain the body's "quick" source of energy, known as glycogen stores.
- They go through further metabolism after being converted to glucose.
- After that, glucose can be further digested to release energy both aerobically and anaerobically.
<h3>Glycogen reserves: what are they?</h3>
- When the body doesn't need to consume the glucose for energy, the liver and muscles store it.
- This kind of stored glucose, which is made up of many connected glucose molecules, is known as glycogen.
<h3>How long are glycogen reserves good for?</h3>
- Utilizing the form, you can learn more about nutrition and glycogen.
- But it's helpful to know that once glycogen stores are exhausted, it will take at least 48 hours to fully refill them.
- This necessitates rest throughout the recovery period and a high-carbohydrate diet (60–70% of the energy must come from carbohydrates).
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