The answer would be D. Eisenhower
They devastated much of Europe and created many enemies for France. the German states became a united European power.but the net effect was the return of the bourbon monarchy under Louis xvlll to franc.
Europeans were introduced to new luxuries through trade as a result of the Crusades.
The Revolutionary War involved the West Indies. They are islands became an essential channel of gunpowder and military supplies provided by the French and Dutch for the state militias and the Continental army