Solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.
Any and all magma that reaches the Earth's surface is called lava.
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The North Star has very little apparent rotation in the night sky because: it lies directly above the Earth's axis of spin. The background stars during a solar eclipse are those of constellations: of the opposite season.
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Coral reefs provide an important ecosystem for life underwater, protect coastal areas by reducing the power of waves hitting the coast, and provide a crucial source of income for millions of people. Coral reefs teem with diverse life. Thousands of species can be found living on one reef.