Answer:
Islam as a religion began with the message which was spread by Islam’s Prophet and God’s Messenger Muhammad ibn Abdallah in the Arabian Peninsula in 610 CE and which was contained in the Qur’an, God’s revelation to Muhammad. After Muhammad’s death in 632, his followers, the Muslims, embarked on successive waves of conquest of the Middle East and beyond; within less than a century, they had political and military control of virtually all the lands between India and Spain. The exercise of this control came from a state that was called the caliphate, its ruler being viewed as the caliph, or “successor,” to the Prophet Muhammad. In the first few decades, the state, based in Arabia, was simple and its ruler elected on the basis of merit. However, following the expansion, it soon turned into a complex, multi-national empire ruled by dynasties based in Syria first (the Umayyads, 661-750 CE) and then in Iraq (the Abbasids, 750-1258 CE). The caliphal system became weakened in the later ninth century, and by the tenth century, real power had moved to several local dynasties although the caliph remained the nominal head of the empire. The Abbasid empire and most of the local dynasties were overrun and practically destroyed by the Mongol invasion of the Middle East in 1258. That invasion ended not only the early phase of Islamic history, but also the “Golden Age” of Islamic civilization, which had been developing slowly from the beginning of this period. The “Golden Age” refers to the period when the varied contributions of Islamic civilization reached their peak in both the indigenous Islamic disciplines (such as Islamic law) and the newly imported disciplines of late antiquity (such as philosophy).
Explanation:
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Poor/slaves - Depending on who is their master, they may have almost no rights to large amounts of rights. If they have a 'horrible' master, they are usually worked to the bone and did not have any 'extras', for example being able to go view games, etc. If they have a 'good' master, they get treated well, and have the 'extras'.
consule- A consul is one of two annually elected chief magistrates of the Roman republic
Empire- Usually is the royal family, or the Caesar family, these usually have their titles passed down through family(?), unless there is a coup, and another family takes it over (which happened often towards the end of the empire)
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Answer:
Correct Answer:
b. No clear division of labor but each individual can accomplish any given task.
Explanation:
Model bureaucracies was developed by Max Weber, an early German sociologist. He believed that the increasing complexity of life would simultaneously increase the demands of citizens for government services.
<em>And, also that the ideal type of bureaucracy was one in which agencies are apolitical, hierarchically organized, and governed by formal procedures. Not having a clear division of of labour is not a characteristics of a model bureaucracy.</em>
<span>Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to see the Cape of Good Hope ( Cape Bojador ). He helped the following explorers to find the water route between western Europe and Asia. Vasco da Gama sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and on to India ( Calicut ). Jacques Cartier was looking for a northwest passage to the Far East. He discovered the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and passed by Labrador ( Canada ). Pedro Alvares Cabral was a Portugese explorer who discovered Brasil. Gill Eanes was a Portugese explorer who sailed along the west coast of Africa and tried to find the way to round Cape Bojador. Answer: B ) Vasco da Gama traveled to India. </span>
