The Haymarket Riot (also known as the “Haymarket Incident” and “Haymarket Affair”) occurred on May 4, 1886, when a labor protest rally near Chicago’s Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police.
At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day. Despite a lack of evidence against them, eight radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing.
The Haymarket Riot was viewed as a setback for the organized labor movement in America, which was fighting for rights like the eight-hour workday. At the same time, many in the labor movement viewed the convicted men as martyrs.
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The period immediately after the Civil War when the South rebuilt and the southern states returned to the Union. An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all born in the United States; this broad language included former slaves.
This was known as the Freedom summer
It was an initiative to get as many African-Americans to vote as possible in the elections in Mississippi. The initiative was organized because they had historically been segregated and were not allowed to vote through various means even when they did have constitutional rights to do so, ever since the civil war.