DNA and RNA are made up of monomers called nucleotides. - DNA and RNA both have 3 nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Cytosine and Guanine. - DNA and RNA both have a phosphate groups in their nucleotides. Sometimes called phosphoric acid
<span>Structurally, DNA and RNA are nearly identical. However, there are fundamental differences that account for the very different functions of the two molecules. RNA has a ribose sugar instead of a deoxyribose sugar like DNA. RNA nucleotides have a uracil base instead of thymine. DNA is usually double-stranded (double helix) and most cellular RNA is single-stranded (single helix). In DNA, the common organic bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. In RNA on the other hand, the common organic bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. Transcription is the process of converting DNA into a correlative RNA code, or in other words, making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy is called a messenger RNA molecule, or mRNA. It is basically a large group of RNA molecules that transport genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes. The mRNA does this by leaving the cell nucleus and entering the body of the cell, which is the cytoplasm. During translation, protein is assembled when the ribosomes translate the sequence in the arriving mRNA. They then bring in the appropriate amino acids needed to complete the protein synthesis. Together, transcription and translation are referred to as gene expression. RNA consists of three major types: mRNA (messenger), tRNA (transfer), and rRNA (ribosomal). As said before, mRNA serves as temporary copies of DNA information. tRNA on the other hand, are the ones that transfer the amino acids to ribosomes in order that they can be assembled into protein. Finally, there is rRNA, which has an entirely different function altogether, as a molecular component of the ribosome. In short, rRNA is essentially the cell’s main protein factory. While it does not make proteins directly, it does produce and link together assemblies of amino acids (polypeptides) that have the job of making them. * Sorry I just had a paper on this and feel like spouting a whole bunch of info</span>
