I believe the answer you're looking for is temperature and precipitation.
Climate is based on the amount of rainfall (i.e. a rainforest) or the temperature (i.e. a tropical climate)
The answer is A.) Deflation
Because of Earth's axial tilt (obliquity), our planet orbits the Sun on a slant which means different areas of Earth point toward or away from the Sun at different times of the year. Around the June solstice, the North Pole is tilted toward the Sun and the Northern Hemisphere gets more of the Sun's direct rays.