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kipiarov [429]
3 years ago
7

Viral DNA makes mRNA by the process of _____. Viral DNA makes mRNA by the process of _____. replication infection translation ly

sis transcription
Biology
1 answer:
Pachacha [2.7K]3 years ago
3 0
<h2>The correct answer is: Transcription.</h2>

Explanation:

  • Viruses do not possess any machinery necessary for the purpose of their reproduction.
  • They only possess their genetic material enclosed within a capsid structure.
  • The capsid is constituted of glycoproteins.
  • They completely depend upon the components and organelles of the host cells whom they infect to help them carry out their reproduction process.
  • After infecting a host cell, the viruses hijack all the machinery and components of the host cell and use them for the purpose of transcribing their genetic material (DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid) to produce the virus-specific mRNAs (messenger Ribonucleic Acid).
  • These mRNAs are further translated into virus-specific proteins using the host-specific Ribosomes. These virus-specific proteins are required for replicating the viral genetic material and producing the capsid structure.
  • The virus-specific proteins and glycoproteins are synthesized by utilizing the raw materials from the host cells.
  • Transcription is the process by which an enzyme called RNA polymerase or DNA dependent RNA polymerase copies the protein coding region of the DNA (gene) in the form of an RNA sequence (mRNA).
  • The synthesis of the mRNA happens in the 5' to 3' direction. This mRNA is further recognized and converted into the amino acid sequence with the help of the Ribosome.
  • The amino acid sequence folds to give rise to the protein.
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How is HIV contracted, and what are the treatment options?
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I believe the correct answer is: HIV is spread during unprotected sex or through contact with infected blood; it cannot be cured, but early treatment can minimize the long-term consequences.

<h2>Explanation:</h2>

Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a type of virus which causes an impairment of the immune system of the person making them susceptible to diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza and any other disease that can exploit this opportunity. It is spread by a person coming into direct contact with infected bodily fluids such as saliva during deep kissing, semen during intercourse, blood after an accident or even fluids when sharing needles and syringes for drug addicts. There is no cure but the current form of treatment slows down the virus to prevent some consequences.

<h2>Further Explanation:</h2>

The virus is enters the body through open wounds or surfaces such as the vagina or mouth where the skin is very thin and can tear. After penetrating the skin, it attaches to specific immune cells called CD8+ T-cells on points called receptors. It then enters the cell and replicates itself in the nucleus of the cell and as it goes out, it kills these immune cells making the person to have a weak immune system. The current drugs used called AntiRetroVirals (ARVs) such as the drug Zidovudin stops the virus from replicating thus reducing the total amount of virus in the body called the Viral Load. Some drugs target enzymes called proteases and reverse transcriptase that help the virus to replicate. This viral load is what is counted to estimate the total volume of HIV someone has in their body. Infected persons should use protection while having sex and also avoid sharing sharp objects to prevent transmission. They also need to take their medication to make them much more healthier in addition to taking proper balanced diets.

Level: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: The Immune System

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3 years ago
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