Since the mid 20th century there has been a series of treaties and multilateral agreements between European countries which have led to the European Union as we know it today.
It all started as a commercial agreement to remove trade barriers for specific goods, and in 1951 the European Coal and Steel Community was created. The next step was the constitution of the European Economic Comunity (EEC) for free trade and the EURATOM Treaty to reach an agreement about nuclear energy. So far, the agreements only work towards economic integration.
But in was in 1992, in the Maastricht Treaty or Treaty of the European Union where the monetary union was designed, and also the fundamentals of the political integration of this club of countries, such as the citizenship and the common foreign and internal affairs policy. The Parliament started to have decision power.
In 1997, the treaty of Amsterdam reformed the institutions for the arrival of new countries, and the same did the Treaty of Nice whose purpouse was to enable proper functioning with 25 member states.
The last agreement was the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, with the objective of making the Union more democratic, giving more power to the supranational institutions and deciding which issues were left to each countries goverment and which others should be decided by the UE institutions. Nowadays the UE is formed by 28 states.
Money is the sole motivator for workers...
Answer:
Federalism is the system where sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent units.
Explanation:
Federalism is the system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units. It is based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between national and state governments, creating a federation. Dual federalism is a political arrangement in which power is divided between national and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the national government. Dual federalism is defined in contrast to cooperative federalism, in which national and state governments collaborate on policy. Dual and cooperative federalism are also known as ‘layer-cake’ and ‘marble cake’ federalism, respectively, due to the distinct layers of layer cake and the more muddled appearance of marble cake.
Federalism was the most influential political movement arising out of discontent with the Articles of Confederation, which focused on limiting the authority of the federal government. The movement was greatly strengthened by the reaction to Shays’ Rebellion of 1786-1787, which was an armed uprising of farmers in western Massachusetts. The rebellion was fueled by a poor economy that was created, in part, by the inability of the federal government to deal effectively with the debt from the American Revolution. Moreover, the federal government had proven incapable of raising an army to quell the rebellion, so Massachusetts was forced to raise its own.
The most forceful defense of the new Constitution was The Federalist Papers , a compilation of 85 anonymous essays published in New York City to convince the people of the state to vote for ratification. These articles, written by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, examined the benefits of the new Constitution and analyzed the political theory and function behind the various articles of the Constitution. Those opposed to the new Constitution became known as the Anti-Federalists. They were generally local, rather than cosmopolitan, in perspective, oriented toward plantations and farms rather than commerce or finance, and wanted strong state governments with a weaker national government. The Anti-Federalists believed that the legislative branch had too much unchecked power, that the executive branch had too much power, and that there was no check on the chief executive. They also believed that a Bill of Rights should be coupled with the Constitution to prevent a dictator from exploiting citizens. The Federalists argued that it was impossible to list all the rights and that those not listed could be easily overlooked because they were not in the official bill of rights.
Democratic party is the answer
